# Sources<no value>

### 使用 testing 版本
|文件|功能|结果|
|---|---|---|
|`/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources`|指定下载地址和分支|让 apt 知道去 `testing` 源获取包|
|`/etc/apt/preferences.d/00default-release`|定义优先级策略|确保 apt 默认选择 `testing` 包，不会跑去 `stable`|

##### 1. 编辑配置文件,编辑完成后请记得保存.
路径: `/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources`
```text
# Debian Testing main repo
Types: deb
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: testing
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Debian Testing updates
Types: deb
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: testing-updates
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Debian Testing security
Types: deb
URIs: http://security.debian.org/debian-security/
Suites: testing-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

```
语法解释

 - Types: deb
指定仓库类型是二进制包（普通软件包），而不是源码包 deb-src。

 - URIs:
软件源的 URL，`http://deb.debian.org/debian/` 是官方推荐的全球镜像地址，支持 CDN 加速。

 - Suites: testing
指定分支是 `testing`，意味着跟随未来 Debian 14（Forky）的滚动更新。

 - Components:
仓库组件：

    - `main` → 自由软件

    - `contrib` → 自由软件 + 依赖非自由部分

    - `non-free` → 非自由软件（如专有驱动）

    - `non-free-firmware` → Debian 12+ 引入的新分类，主要存放固件文件

 - Signed-By:
指定验证签名的 GPG 密钥文件路径，确保仓库来源可信。

---

```text
# Debian Testing updates
...
Suites: testing-updates
...

# Debian Testing security
...
Suites: testing-security
...
```
 - testing-updates
主要包含 testing 分支的紧急 bug 修复或小版本更新。

 - testing-security
由 Debian 安全团队维护的 security 仓库，用于推送安全更新。

总结

`debian.sources` 决定了 APT 从哪些仓库下载包，让系统源始终指向 `testing`、`testing-updates` 和 `testing-security`。



路径: `/etc/apt/preferences.d/00default-release`
```text
Package: *
Pin: release a=testing
Pin-Priority: 900
```

语法解释
 - Package: *
作用于所有软件包，不限范围。

 - Pin: release a=testing
`release a=testing` 表示匹配所有属于 testing 分支 的包。

 - Pin-Priority: 900
设置 `testing` 仓库优先级为 900。

**APT 优先级规则**
|优先级范围|行为|
|---|---|
|<0|禁止安装|
|1-99|只有手动指定才会安装|
|100-499|不会主动升级，但保持已安装状态|
|500|默认优先级（适用于当前稳定版本）|
|>500|优先选择这个版本|
|1000+|即使需要降级，也强制安装|

`900` 的效果：

 - 默认总是选择 `testing` 仓库的包

 - 但不会盲目覆盖你手动锁定版本的包

 - 保证系统滚动升级保持 `testing`



##### 2. 更新索引 & 升级系统
```bash
apt update && apt full-upgrade
```



--- 

#### 使用脚本: 创建&检测  Apt Source - testing 版本
##### 1. 创建脚本
使用下面命令创建脚本:
```bash
vi /usr/local/bin/check-debian-branch.sh
```
脚本内容:


贴上脚本内容后,请记得**保存**


```text
#!/bin/bash
# Check Debian branch and switch to testing if needed

SOURCES_FILE="/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources"
PREF_FILE="/etc/apt/preferences.d/00default-release"

echo "正在检查当前 Debian 分支..."

CURRENT_BRANCH=$(grep -E "^Suites:" "$SOURCES_FILE" | awk '{print $2}' | head -n 1)

if [[ "$CURRENT_BRANCH" == "testing" ]]; then
    echo "✅ 当前系统已经是 Debian testing 分支。"
    exit 0
else
    echo "⚠ 当前系统分支为: $CURRENT_BRANCH"
    read -rp "是否切换到 Debian testing 分支? (Y/N): " CONFIRM
    if [[ "$CONFIRM" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
        echo "正在切换到 Debian testing 分支..."
        # 写入 sources.list.d/debian.sources
        cat <<EOF | sudo tee "$SOURCES_FILE" > /dev/null
# Debian Testing main repo
Types: deb
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: testing
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Debian Testing updates
Types: deb
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: testing-updates
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Debian Testing security
Types: deb
URIs: http://security.debian.org/debian-security/
Suites: testing-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg
EOF

        # 写入 pinning
        sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/preferences.d
        cat <<EOF | sudo tee "$PREF_FILE" > /dev/null
Package: *
Pin: release a=testing
Pin-Priority: 900
EOF

        echo "🔄 更新软件包索引..."
        sudo apt update
        echo "✅ 系统已切换为 Debian testing 分支。"
    else
        echo "❌ 已取消切换操作。"
    fi
fi
```



这个脚本会检测 `/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources`中的内容,如果不包含`testing`,会创建下面两个文件:


查看 `/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources`
路径:
```
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources
```
内容:
```text
# Debian Testing main repo
Types: deb
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: testing
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Debian Testing updates
Types: deb
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: testing-updates
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Debian Testing security
Types: deb
URIs: http://security.debian.org/debian-security/
Suites: testing-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg
```


查看 `/etc/apt/preferences.d/00default-release`
路径:
```
/etc/apt/preferences.d/00default-release
```
内容:
```text
Package: *
Pin: release a=testing
Pin-Priority: 900
```






##### 2. 赋予执行权限
```bash
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/check-debian-branch.sh
```

##### 3. 运行
```bash
bash check-debian-branch.sh
```