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使用 testing 版本

文件功能结果
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources指定下载地址和分支让 apt 知道去 testing 源获取包
/etc/apt/preferences.d/00default-release定义优先级策略确保 apt 默认选择 testing 包，不会跑去 stable
1. 编辑配置文件,编辑完成后请记得保存.

路径: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources

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# Debian Testing main repo
Types: deb
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: testing
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Debian Testing updates
Types: deb
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: testing-updates
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Debian Testing security
Types: deb
URIs: http://security.debian.org/debian-security/
Suites: testing-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

语法解释

  • Types: deb 指定仓库类型是二进制包（普通软件包），而不是源码包 deb-src。

  • URIs: 软件源的 URL，http://deb.debian.org/debian/ 是官方推荐的全球镜像地址，支持 CDN 加速。

  • Suites: testing 指定分支是 testing，意味着跟随未来 Debian 14（Forky）的滚动更新。

  • Components: 仓库组件：

    • main → 自由软件

    • contrib → 自由软件 + 依赖非自由部分

    • non-free → 非自由软件（如专有驱动）

    • non-free-firmware → Debian 12+ 引入的新分类，主要存放固件文件

  • Signed-By: 指定验证签名的 GPG 密钥文件路径，确保仓库来源可信。

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# Debian Testing updates
...
Suites: testing-updates
...

# Debian Testing security
...
Suites: testing-security
...

  • testing-updates 主要包含 testing 分支的紧急 bug 修复或小版本更新。

  • testing-security 由 Debian 安全团队维护的 security 仓库，用于推送安全更新。

总结

debian.sources 决定了 APT 从哪些仓库下载包，让系统源始终指向 testing、testing-updates 和 testing-security。

路径: /etc/apt/preferences.d/00default-release

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Package: *
Pin: release a=testing
Pin-Priority: 900

语法解释

  • Package: * 作用于所有软件包，不限范围。

  • Pin: release a=testing release a=testing 表示匹配所有属于 testing 分支 的包。

  • Pin-Priority: 900 设置 testing 仓库优先级为 900。

APT 优先级规则

优先级范围行为
<0禁止安装
1-99只有手动指定才会安装
100-499不会主动升级，但保持已安装状态
500默认优先级（适用于当前稳定版本）
>500优先选择这个版本
1000+即使需要降级，也强制安装

900 的效果：

  • 默认总是选择 testing 仓库的包

  • 但不会盲目覆盖你手动锁定版本的包

  • 保证系统滚动升级保持 testing

2. 更新索引 & 升级系统
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apt update && apt full-upgrade

使用脚本: 创建&检测 Apt Source - testing 版本

1. 创建脚本

使用下面命令创建脚本:

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vi /usr/local/bin/check-debian-branch.sh

脚本内容:

贴上脚本内容后,请记得保存

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#!/bin/bash
# Check Debian branch and switch to testing if needed

SOURCES_FILE="/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources"
PREF_FILE="/etc/apt/preferences.d/00default-release"

echo "正在检查当前 Debian 分支..."

CURRENT_BRANCH=$(grep -E "^Suites:" "$SOURCES_FILE" | awk '{print $2}' | head -n 1)

if [[ "$CURRENT_BRANCH" == "testing" ]]; then
    echo "✅ 当前系统已经是 Debian testing 分支。"
    exit 0
else
    echo "⚠ 当前系统分支为: $CURRENT_BRANCH"
    read -rp "是否切换到 Debian testing 分支? (Y/N): " CONFIRM
    if [[ "$CONFIRM" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
        echo "正在切换到 Debian testing 分支..."
        # 写入 sources.list.d/debian.sources
        cat <<EOF | sudo tee "$SOURCES_FILE" > /dev/null
# Debian Testing main repo
Types: deb
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: testing
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Debian Testing updates
Types: deb
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: testing-updates
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Debian Testing security
Types: deb
URIs: http://security.debian.org/debian-security/
Suites: testing-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg
EOF

        # 写入 pinning
        sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/preferences.d
        cat <<EOF | sudo tee "$PREF_FILE" > /dev/null
Package: *
Pin: release a=testing
Pin-Priority: 900
EOF

        echo "🔄 更新软件包索引..."
        sudo apt update
        echo "✅ 系统已切换为 Debian testing 分支。"
    else
        echo "❌ 已取消切换操作。"
    fi
fi

这个脚本会检测 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources中的内容,如果不包含testing,会创建下面两个文件:

查看 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources 路径:

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources

内容:

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# Debian Testing main repo
Types: deb
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: testing
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Debian Testing updates
Types: deb
URIs: http://deb.debian.org/debian/
Suites: testing-updates
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Debian Testing security
Types: deb
URIs: http://security.debian.org/debian-security/
Suites: testing-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

查看 /etc/apt/preferences.d/00default-release 路径:

/etc/apt/preferences.d/00default-release

内容:

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Package: *
Pin: release a=testing
Pin-Priority: 900
2. 赋予执行权限
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chmod +x /usr/local/bin/check-debian-branch.sh
3. 运行
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bash check-debian-branch.sh
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